Detailed Artical On The Sun
THE SUN
Detailed Artical On The Sun
A, The sun is a star.
1. It is only one of the billions of stars that make up the universe.
2. It is not a large star, but it looks larger than the others stars because it is so much closer to us on earth.
B, The sun is much larger than the earth.
1. The diameter of the sun at its equator is about 1,380,000 Kilometers (860,000 Miles), which is about 109 times larger than the diameter of the earth.
2. If the sun were a hollow ball, we could place more than a million earths into it.
3.
C, The sun is about 150,000,000 Kilometers (93,000,000 Miles) from the earth.
II. The Sun Gives Of Energy.
A, like all other stars, the sun gives off a vast amount of radiant energy, including light.
B, This energy does not come from ordinary burning.
C, This energy comes from a nuclear reaction that take place inside the sun.
1. Astronomers believe that hydrogen atoms in the sun keep combining to form helium atoms.
2. While the helium is being formed, some of the hydrogen is converted into tremendous amount of energy.
D, The energy from a hydrogen bomb is produce the same way expects that the reaction in a hydrogen bomb last for a moment and the reaction in the sun go on all the time.
E, This reaction makes the sun very hot.
1. Its surface temperature is about 6000 degree centigrade (10,800 Degree Fahrenheit).
2. Its temperature at the center is estimated to be about 15,000,000 degree centigrade (27,000,000 degree Fahrenheit).
III, The Parts of the sun.
A, The sun is not a solid body like the earth, but it is huge ball of very hot gases.
B, Three layers of gases, which are often called the sun’s atmosphere surround the main body of the sun.
C, The first layer is called the photosphere.
1. The photosphere glows brilliantly and is the source of most of the sun’s light.
2. The photosphere goes up 160 to 320 kilometers (100 to 200 miles).
3.
D, Beyond the photosphere is a second layer of gas called the chromosphere.
1, this layer of gas is bright red and it can only be seen when the sun is blotted out in total eclipse.
2. It rise about 16,000 Km (10,000 miles) above the photosphere.
E, A silvery halo of gases, called the corona, surrounds the chromosphere.
1. The corona also can only be seen when there is a total eclipse of the sun.
2. The corona reaches out very far in all directions.
3. The corona is very thin and glows with a weak light.
IV, Solar Storms
A, The sun seem to have violent storms on its surface.
B, These storms are tired up with the presence of sunspots on the sun’s surface.
C, Sunspots are dark spots that seem to move slowly from east to west across the sun’s surface.
1. Actually, the sunspots stand still while the sun turns on its axis.
2. The spots look dark because they are a little cooler than the surrounding, glowing gases.
3. The spots usually appear in the photosphere near the sun’s equator.
4. Their size can range from 800 Km (500 mi) to more than 80,000 Km (50,000 mi).
5. They often form in Pairs, and sometimes they form in large groups.
D, Astronomers think sunspots are caused by magnetic storms within the sun.
E, These magnetic storms often affect the earth.
1. The storms send out electrified particles from the sun’s surface.
2. When these electrified particles strike earth’s ionosphere, they interfere with radio, television, and long-distance telephone communication.
3, These particles also strike the earth’s lower atmosphere and produce the brilliant show of colored lights near the north and south pole.
4, These colored lights are called the northern lights (Aurora Borealis) and the southern lights (Aurora Australis).
F, Sunspots usually appear in 11-years cycles, in which the sunspots reach their greatest number every 11 years.
G, Very often a solar flare accompanies a sunspot.
1. The solar flare is a bright cloud of gas that leaps up from the sun’s surface.
2. The flare may cover an area of billion square kilometers and shoot up as high as 480,000 kilometers (300,000 mi).
3, The flare becomes 20to30 times brighter than the other areas of the sun, and then it fades away in about an hour.
H, When the sun’s rotation carries a sunspot to the edge of the sun, solar prominences are sometimes formed.
1. These prominences send great streamers of bright gas far out into the sun’s atmosphere.
2. These prominences are not as violent as flares but they moves more gracefully.
3. Some prominences suddenly rush back to the sun, whereas, others seem to be blown off the sun.
I, Although it seems fairly obvious that a big disturbance is going on inside the sun, scientists
do not yet known the exact reason for the appearance of sunspots, followed by solar flares and
prominences.
V. The Future of the Sun
A, Astronomers think that the sun has been producing energy for about five billion years.
B, they also think that the sun will continue to produce energy for many billions of years more.
C. When about I5 percent of its hydrogen atoms have been used up, the nuclear reaction inside the sun will speed up, slowly at first, then faster and faster.
D. The inside of the Sun will get hotter, and the sun will expand to about 100 times its size.
E. Meanwhile the surface of sun will become cooler, and its color will change
To orange and then red.
F. When enough the hydrogen has been used up, the sun will suddenly collapse and become so small that both its size and its light will be only a small amount of what they originally were.
C. The sun will become cooler and cooler, and fainter and fainter, until it finally becomes completely dark and cannot be seen at all.
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